Lady Penrhyn Convict Transport Ship (artista marino Frank Allen)
SignoraPenrin,una nave da carico in legno a tre alberi di 338 tonnellate, fu costruita nel 1786 sul Tamigi da Edward Greaves di Limehouse London per Curtis & Co., Londra. Aveva una lunghezza di 103 piedi 9/10 e un raggio di 27 piedi 5/10, con una casa rotonda e distintivi di un quarto, con una polena femminile.
Il nome della nave è stato dato in onore di Lady Ann Susannah, moglie di Richard Pennant, un principe mercante di Liverpool che ha fondato la sua fortuna sulla tratta degli schiavi e ha ereditato proprietà in Giamaica. Il 6 dicembre 1765 sposò Ann Susannah, figlia ed erede del generale Hugh Warburton (1695-1771) che deteneva parte della metà della tenuta di Penrhyn. Nel 1783, Richard Pennant fu elevato alla nobiltà del Regno d'Irlanda come barone Penrhyn di Penrhyn nella contea di Louth. Il barone Penrhyn era anche fortemente coinvolto nelle aziende produttrici di ardesia nel nord del Galles.
È più che possibile che Lord Penrhyn (Richard Pennant) fosse un amico del comproprietario diLady Penrin,Alderman (in seguito Sir) William Curtis, sindaco di Londra e proprietario di terza generazione di un'azienda di biscotti di mare a Wapping, Londra.
Nel 1786Lady Penrinè stata iscritta dal Navy Board come nave della prima flotta; il suo comandante per il viaggio a Botany Bay era l'altro comproprietario della nave William Cropton Sever, comandante marinaio e capitano. Il primo ufficiale era Nicholas Anstis che in seguito divenne il maestro diSorpresadella Seconda Flotta.
William Richards jnr e amico di William Curtis, era un importante broker navale di Walworth, che fungeva da agente per gli armatori e il comandante. I trasporti sono stati tracciati a un tasso di dieci scellini per tonnellata di registro al mese. Una volta assolto dagli incarichi governativi nel NSW,Lady Penrinera sotto contratto con la Compagnia delle Indie Orientali per salpare per la Cina per un carico di tè per il mercato londinese.
Lady Penrinnon aveva tempo per il mare prima di essere equipaggiata a Deptford per la sua corsa a Botany Bay. Descritto come l'altra signora aCharlotte, Lady Penrinaveva a bordo il maggior numero di detenute donne; delle 101 donne c'era un grosso contingente da Londra. In carica c'erano 1 capitano, 2 luogotenenti, 2 sergenti, 3 caporali, 1 batterista e 35 soldati semplici, con una persona che fungeva da compagno di chirurgo, John Turnpenny Altree, che si dimostrò inadatto al compito, e fu sostituito a Teneriffe dal chirurgo della nave Arthur Archi. Le donne detenute furono consegnate su un carro a partire dai primi di gennaio 1787 da Newgate, dalla prigione di Southwark e dalle prigioni di campagna alla nave a Gravesend; alcuni accompagnati da bambini come Mary Harrison e il figlio Joseph. Quando era all'ancora, una donna detenuta morì, dopo che a bordo della nave scoppiò la febbre.
Le navi della flotta si riunirono a Spithead Portsmouth il 17 marzo 1787 e furono raggiunte il 12 marzo dalla HMSiena,la nave scorta. All'alba del mattino seguente la flotta salpò e una volta liberata dalla Manica, HMSIenalasciali.
La flotta e la scorta lasciano gli aghi
Il viaggio
Lady Penrinaveva difficoltà nelle sue capacità di navigazione, spesso in ritardo rispetto alle altre navi. Le donne detenute hanno causato numerosi problemi durante il viaggio e sono state punite per furto, rissa e linguaggio offensivo. C'è stato uno scambio di tre marinai tra HMS SirioELady Penrin.Gli uomini di quest'ultima nave erano stati giudicati colpevoli di ammutinamento e si erano rifiutati di governare la nave come indicato dal comandante.
Stock Horse australiano
Da Città del Capo, ilLady Penrintrasportava i primi cavalli giunti in Australia. Bowes Smyth ha dettoQuesto giorno abbiamo recd. a bordo 1 stallone, 3 fattrici e 3 puledri per l'uso da parte del governatore Phillips nel New South Wales.Il cavallo del Capo di Buona Speranza discendeva in gran parte dal Barb e dal cavallo spagnolo.
Cape Town a Botany Bay è stata la tappa più lunga del viaggio, impiegando sessantotto giorni. Il 20 gennaio 1788, quando tutte le navi entrarono nel porto di Botany Bay e, al loro passaggio, il tenenteClarksalutato ilPrincipe di Galles e Charlottee chiedi ai ragazzi a bordo come hanno fatto; rispostotutto bene.Ha anche salutato ilLady Penrine li ho trovati bene.
Baia di Sydney
Davide Collins:I trasporti Scarborough, Charlotte e Lady Penrhyn in fase di sgombero furono congedati dal servizio governativo alla fine del mese, ei comandanti lasciarono la libertà di procedere nei rispettivi viaggi secondo le indicazioni dei loro proprietari.
I tre trasporti salparono sul 5th, 6the 7thdi questo mese (maggio 1788) per la Cina.
Viaggio di andata
Carlotta e Scarborough,dopo aver fatto scalo a Lord Howe Island per i rifornimenti, salpò con l'intenzione di fermarsi a Norfolk Island per tagliare la legna per i pennoni della nave. A causa del maltempo, passarono l'isola e proseguirono nel Pacifico centrale.Lady Penrinfece anche visita all'isola di Lord Howe e lì salutò i capitani Gilbert e Marshall. Fu dopo aver lasciato l'isola cheDa Lady Penrhyngli ufficiali hanno scoperto che era stata incaricata dall'assessore George McKenzie Macaulay di andare a Nookta Sound, sulla costa occidentale del Nord America, per ritirare un carico di pellicce. A bordo c'era il tenente John Watts, che aveva navigato sulRisoluzionecon il capitano James Cook e aveva collegamenti con Macaulay. Watts, che aveva preso il comando della nave a maggio, salpò ilSignoraPenrhyn si recò invece a Tahiti, quando l'equipaggio fu colpito dallo scorbuto, arrivando a Matavai Bay nel giugno-luglio 1788. (Il capitano Cook aveva osservato il transito di Venere a Matavai Bay nel 1769).
Sulla rotta per Tahiti, Watts nominò due piccole isole nel sud-ovest del Pacifico,MacaulayECurtisdopo Timothy Curtis comproprietario diLady Penrin,e il mercante Alderman McCaulay di Londra della Compagnia delle Indie Orientali che era amico del tenente Watts e intimo conoscente dei signori Curtis. Il tenente Watts ha lasciato un biglietto in una bottiglia sull'isola di Curtis, che diceva:Navis Lady Penrhyn 1 giugno 1788, Jno Watts - William Sever, Prost. Geo:IIId. Rex
Veduta aerea dell'isola di Penrhyn, dal nome della nave del Capitano Sever (per gentile concessione di John Roberts)
Lasciando TahitiLady Penrinha proseguito verso nord, incontrando l'atollo più remoto e più grande delle 15 Isole Cook nell'Oceano Pacifico meridionale l'8 agostoPenrin,prende il nome dalla nave dal capitano William Sever.
Il viaggio da Canton via Tinian per rinfrescarsi è duratoLady Penrinda quattro a sei mesi circa prima di raggiungere l'Inghilterra a metà agosto 1789; aveva percorso 45.000 miglia nautiche da quando aveva lasciato l'Inghilterra. Mentre a Tinian l'equipaggio ha trovato il boe e l'ancoraCarlottascartato quando ha lasciato l'isola in fretta e furia a causa di forti burrasche.
QuandoLady Penrinfinalmente arrivato a Wampoa (Canton) in Cina alla fine di ottobre per riempire il suo carico di impegni di tè, era da trovareScarboroughgià ormeggiato in banchina. Il capitano Marshall cenò con il suo amico capitano Sever il giorno dopo l'arrivo della nave. Lasciando ilLady PenrinIl tenente Watts ha continuato il suo viaggio in Inghilterra a bordo delScarborough.
Capitano William Cropton Sever
Come maestro diLady Penrincon donne detenute a bordo, non passò molto tempo prima che Sever avesse una relazione con Ann Green/Cowley che si era imbarcata sulla nave con suo figlio William, morto durante il trasporto l'8thFebbraio.
Durante il 1788 una bambina Letitia Green fu ufficialmente registrata ad Ann Green e William Sivers (sic). Sever aveva lasciato la coloniaLady Penrinprima del battesimo di Letitia Green domenica 9thNovembre. È stata registrata come figlia del marinaio "Capitano" William Twiss (sic) e detenuta di Ann Green. Letitia Green morì all'età di 37 anni il 10 aprile 1827 a Windsor NSW dopo essere stata sposata con un detenuto della Prima Flotta molto più anziano Roger Twyfield. Il loro unico figlio conosciuto, Roger, morì a cinque settimane nel marzo 1810.
William Cropton Sever, Mariner viveva a Paradise Row Rotherhithe (un quartiere residenziale nel sud-est interno di Londra) al momento della sua morte all'età di 55 anni.
- Chiesa di Santa Maria Rotherhithe
Fu sepolto a Saint Mary Rotherhithe il 5 dicembre 1816. La sua "cara moglie amorevole" Mary ereditò quote di navi, investimenti e tutti i beni domestici e personali. Mary visse per altri 24 anni e fu sepolta con William a Saint Mary Rotherhithe. Ha lasciato in eredità la sua proprietà a nipoti e nipoti, non essendoci figli conosciuti da ereditare.
Sepolture nella parrocchia di Saint Mary Rotherhithe nella contea di Surrey nell'anno 1816. Registrazione n. 1310 per William Cropton Sever
Destino diLady Penrin
Alla fine del 1789Lady Penrinè stato acquistato da Wedderburn & Co London e utilizzato nelle corse regolari da Londra alla Giamaica. Con diversi passaggi di proprietàLady Penrinscomparve da tutti i registri nel 1811, dopo essere stato catturato nelle Indie Occidentali e affondato.
Lady Penryhn Monument First Fleet Memorial Gardens Wallabadah NSW (Timbury)
Riferimenti:
Bateson, CarloIl condannato navi 1787-1868Brown, Son & Ferguson, Glasgow 1959
Byrnes, DThe Blackheath Connection: la prima flotta fantasma in Australia .(in linea)
Cavanaugh, AKIl ritorno delle navi della prima flottaRivista della società storica di GeelongInvestigatore1993
Cobley, dottor GiovanniSydney Cove 1788 Il primo anno dell'insediamento in AustraliaTitolareEStoughton 1963
Gillen, MollieI fondatori dell'Australia - Un dizionario biografico della prima flottaBiblioteca di storia australiana, Sydney 1988
Re, GionataLa prima flotta Il viaggio dei detenuti che fondò l'Australia 1787-88La Macmillan Co di Aust Pty Ltd 1982
Collins, DavideUn resoconto della colonia inglese nel Nuovo Galles del Sud(pubblicato originariamente nel 1798) Vol.1 A cura di Brian H Fletcher: pubblicato in associazione con la Royal Australian Historical Society
Roberto, Giovanni,Penrin Islandsito webwww.cookislands.org.uk/penrhyn
Wikipedia
Giovane, R.MAustralia! Australia! Gli anni dei pionieri Una storia pittoricaRigby Ltd 1975
© First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc 2011
FAQs
How many deaths were there on the Lady Penrhyn? ›
She sailed from Jamaica on 20 February 1785 and arrived back at Liverpool on 4 May. She had sailed with 40 crew members and she suffered five crew deaths on the voyage.
What was the purpose of the Lady Penrhyn? ›Lady Penrhyn was designed as a two-deck ship for use in the Atlantic slave trade, with a capacity of 275 slaves. She was part-owned by William Compton Sever, who served as ship's master on her voyage to Australia, and by London alderman and sea-biscuit manufacturer William Curtis.
What happened to the Lady Penrhyn? ›The Lady Penrhyn arrived back safely in England in August 1789 and was sold to Wedderburn and Co., London and used in a regular run to Jamaica. In July 1811 the Lady Penrhyn was taken by a French privateer while on a voyage to Grenada. She was set on fire and scuttled.
What are some interesting facts about the Lady Penrhyn? ›The Lady Penrhyn was the slowest ship of the First Fleet with the largest number of female convicts. She entered Port Jackson on 26 January but it was not until 6 February that the convict women disembarked, having spent a total of 13 months confined to the transport.
Who was the youngest convict on the Lady Penrhyn? ›Elizabeth HAYWARD was the youngest woman in the first fleet-13 yrs old—the ship was the Lady Penrhyn. At 14 Elizabeth was cheeky to a priest/minister and recieved 30 lashes.
How many babies were born on the First Fleet? ›It is estimated there were about 50 children on the First Fleet when it arrived at Botany Bay. Over 20 children were born at sea during the eight-month voyage.
How many convicts are on Lady Penrhyn? ›The Lady Penrhyn has 109 female Convicts on board and 8 children and I shall give a List of their Names, Crimes, Ages, Trades, & the term of years they are transported for.
Who was the oldest convict on the Lady Penrhyn? ›Quoting from page 73 of The Fatal Shore. “The oldest convict was Dorothy Handland, a dealer in rags and old clothes who was 82 years old in 1787.
How many convicts were on arrival on Lady Penrhyn? ›Arthur Bowes Smyth (1750-1790) was the ship's surgeon aboard the Lady Penrhyn, one of the ships in the First Fleet. In his journal, Smyth wrote of the harsh conditions aboard the Lady Penrhyn whose passengers included 101 female convicts.
Who was the youngest female convict on the First Fleet? ›Beth - The Story of a Child Convict, is an incredibly moving tale inspired by the experiences of Elizabeth Hayward, the youngest female convict on the First Fleet and the journals of naval officer William Bradley and Arthur Bowes Smyth, the surgeon and artist also onboard.
How many female convicts were on the Prince of Wales ship? ›
Convicts. Prince of Wales carried 49 female convicts on departure from Portsmouth. After five days at sea, 2 males were also brought across from Scarborough via Sirius, ringleaders of a failed mutiny.
Who drove the Lady Penrhyn? ›Lady Penrhyn (1783 ship) was an American vessel launched in 1777 that the British captured in 1782. Liverpool merchants purchased her and employed her in the African slave trade between 1783 and 1794. A squadron of the French navy drove her onshore on the coast of Africa in 1794.
How many crew were on the Lady Penrhyn ship? ›Described as the other lady to Charlotte, Lady Penrhyn had on board the largest number of female convicts; of the 101 women there was a large contingent from London.
What were the 11 First Fleet ships called? ›The First Fleet's 11 ships comprised two Royal Navy escort ships, the HMS Sirius and HMS Supply, six convict transports, the Alexander, Charlotte, Friendship, Lady Penrhyn, Prince of Wales and the Scarborough, and three store ships, the Borrowdale, Fishburn and Golden Grove.
How were female convicts treated in Australia? ›Convict women were assigned as domestic labour, and were encouraged to reform though a system of rewards and indulgences, such as the ticket-of-leave, which permitted the holder to work for any employer for wages and to choose her own residence.
Who was the most famous child convict? ›Mary Wade (17 December 1775 – 17 December 1859) was a British teenager and convict who was transported to Australia when she was 13 years old. She was the youngest convict aboard Lady Juliana, part of the Second Fleet. Her family grew to include five generations and over 300 descendants in her own lifetime.
What did female convicts wear? ›Clothing in the Female Factories
Documents from the time tell us that these convicts were given: petticoats, jackets, aprons, shifts (smocks), caps, handkerchiefs, stockings, shoes and straw bonnets. They'd be made from cheap, coarse material.
According to a local monastery's report to the government in Moscow, between 1725 and 1765 Mrs Vassilyev popped out 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of quadruplets, over 27 separate labours.
Who was the youngest boy on the First Fleet? ›Who was the youngest convict on the First Fleet? John Hudson, a thirteen-year-old boy, was the youngest convict on the First Fleet. He had been sentenced to transportation, aged just nine, for breaking and entering.
What is the most babies one woman has given birth to? ›Mary Jonas (1814–1899) gave birth to 33 children, including 15 sets of boy–girl twins. All were christened, but few reached adulthood. Ten children were still alive when their father John died in 1892.
Who is the longest escaped convict? ›
Thomas was later returned to the prison, but Hannan has been on the run for over sixty years. In 2001, Hannan overtook double killer Leonard Fristoe's record of 45 years and 11 months as a fugitive.
What happened to the Lady Penrhyn after the First Fleet? ›Chartered by the East India Company to collect tea in China on the return voyage, the ship first called at Lord Howe Island for supplies before finally reaching its destination in October 1789. The Lady Penrhyn traded on the London-Jamaica route before being captured in 1811 in the West Indies and scuttled.
Who are the most famous escaped convicts? ›Three prisoners famously escaped from what was supposed to be America's most inescapable prison, Alcatraz, in San Francisco in 1962. Frank Lee Morris, Clarence Anglin and John William Anglin managed to escape the island prison despite facing 12 guard checks every day.
How many female convicts were on the First Fleet to Australia? ›The ships departed with an estimated 775 convicts (582 men and 193 women), as well as officers, marines, their wives and children, and provisions and agricultural implements.
Who was the oldest girl on the First Fleet? ›Dorothy Handland is claimed to be the oldest female convict to have sailed on the First Fleet and one of the most colourful.
How many convicts died on the First Fleet ships? ›THE FIRST FLEET
They carried around 1400 convicts, soldiers and free people. The journey from England to Australia took 252 days and there were around 48 deaths on the voyage.
The Lady Penrhyn was a ship of 338 tons under the command of William Cropton Server. The ship had been built on the River Thames in 1786. She was 103 ft (31 m) long and 27 ft (8 m) wide. The captain, William Server, and biscuit maker, William Curtis were the owners of the ship.
How much did the Lady Penrhyn weigh? ›Lady Penrhyn
(convict transport) - 333 tons. built on the Thames in 1786 for alderman Curtis and skippered by Master William Sever.
Some of the First Fleet convicts had been found guilty of serious crimes, such as assault and highway robbery. But most had committed nonviolent offenses, mainly theft. Among the wide range of items they were convicted of stealing were livestock, tea, clothes, bedding, watches, mugs, and handkerchiefs.
Who is the most feared prisoner? ›| Thomas Edward Silverstein | |
|---|---|
| Born | Thomas Edward ConwayFebruary 4, 1952 Long Beach, California, U.S. |
| Died | May 11, 2019 (aged 67) Lakewood, Colorado, U.S. |
| Other names | Terrible Tom, Tommy |
| Known for | Former leader of the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang |
Who is the most feared prisoner in the world? ›
- The Red Ripper. ...
- Aileen Wuornos. Facebook. ...
- John Wayne Gacy, a real-life Pennywise clown. Facebook. ...
- Rodney Alcala. Facebook. ...
- Dennis Rader aka BTK. Facebook. ...
- Mary Mallon. Facebook. ...
- The Nithari Killers. Facebook. ...
- Shashikala Ramesh Patankar( Baby) Facebook/AVENT MultiMedia.
After 93 nights in the Newgate Prison Mary set sail for Australia. King George III was declared mad. As a result, many waiting to be executed were instead bound for transportation to the penal colony of Australia. At 10 years old, Mary took voyage, the youngest ever convict, aboard the Lady Juliana.
Who was the richest convict on the First Fleet? ›Samuel Terry (c. 1776 – 22 February 1838) was transported to Australia as a criminal, where he became a wealthy landowner, merchant and philanthropist. His extreme wealth made him by far the richest man in the colony with wealth comparable to the richer in England.
What did the convicts eat? ›It was usually 450 grams of salted meat (either mutton or beef), cooked again into a stew, and some bread. By 1826, the government also had a more established cattle stock available and so the meat served to convicts was fresher and taken from better-quality cuts than before.
Who was the first baby born on the First Fleet? ›Commonly cited as the first white child or the first white female born in Australia, Rebecca Small (22 September 1789 – 30 January 1883), was born in Port Jackson, the eldest daughter of John Small a boatswain in the First Fleet which arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788.
Which ship carried the most convicts? ›Alexander, weighing in at 452 tons, 114 ft long and 31 ft at the beam, the Alexander was commanded by Master Duncan Sinclair. She carried 192 male convicts and was the largest ship in the fleet.
How did the Prince of Wales sink? ›The Royal Navy battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse were sunk by land-based bombers and torpedo bombers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
How many female convicts were on the friendship? ›David Collins gave the following details in his book An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales: "The Friendship, ... of 228 tons, had on board 76 male and 21 female convicts; 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 2 sergeants, 3 corporals, 1 drummer, and 36 privates, with 1 assistant surgeon to the colony." The Marines ...
How many people were on board the Lady Penrhyn? ›Described as the other lady to Charlotte, Lady Penrhyn had on board the largest number of female convicts; of the 101 women there was a large contingent from London.
What was life like on the Lady Penrhyn? ›Life on board the Lady Penrhyn was hard, uncomfortable and crowded. Food was rationed and the women had only the clothing they were wearing. The women's new clothing had not arrived in time before departure for all of them to have a clean change of clothes for the journey.
How long did it take to sail from England to Australia in the 1700s? ›
The entire journey took 252 days (a little over 8 months). From England, the fleet sailed to Australia making stops in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town. They arrived in Botany Bay in mid-January 1788.
What was it like on the ship for the convicts? ›On the Second Fleet (1789-90), many convicts died as a result of the poor conditions onboard some ships. A disease environment could develop, exacerbated by cramped, unhygienic conditions, lack of air below decks and unsatisfactory nutrition.
How old was the youngest female convict? ›Mary Wade (17 December 1775 – 17 December 1859) was a British teenager and convict who was transported to Australia when she was 13 years old. She was the youngest convict aboard Lady Juliana, part of the Second Fleet.
What diseases did the convicts have? ›Many convicts fell ill during the voyage with diseases such as typhus or scurvy. Convicts who arrived in Sydney in need of medical care were sent to the hospital for treatment. Scurvy was a common illness suffered by convicts during the voyage.
Where did First Fleet convicts sleep? ›Convicts were housed below decks on the prison deck and quite often further confined behind bars. In some cases they were restrained in chains and were not allowed on deck except for limited fresh air and exercise. Conditions were cramped and they slept on hammocks.